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AI on your own terms.

Independent AI research and advisory for Europe's leading organisations.

Lindstead advises boards and technology leaders on the selection, economics, governance and deployment of AI within their own infrastructure.

Research Model Index Services

The challenge

Control over AI is now a board-level responsibility.

Most organisations adopt AI through services hosted outside their control. Three developments turn that choice into a governance question.

  • Jurisdiction Under the US CLOUD Act, US providers must disclose data under their control to US authorities on request, wherever in the world that data is stored.
  • Regulation DORA, NIS2 and the AI Act require organisations to document where critical systems run, who can access them and how they would exit a provider without disruption.
  • Cost Usage-based pricing rises in line with adoption. At sustained volume, dedicated infrastructure can cost less than external APIs, with more predictable spend.

Our approach

  • Independence Lindstead accepts no commissions from vendors, cloud providers or model developers.
  • Evidence Recommendations are grounded in published data and transparent cost models.
  • European focus Our work is built around EU regulation, European providers and European languages.
  • Delivery Engagements extend from board-level strategy to production deployment.

Our services

End-to-end support, from strategy to implementation.

Industries

Serving organisations in regulated industries.

Exhibit 1

AI use keeps climbing. Where it runs is the open question.

AI use in German companies nearly tripled in two years. More than half of large EU firms use it today.

Two thirds of German AI users name data protection as a concern.

Enterprise AI use keeps climbing across Europe.

Share of companies using AI, %

EU, all enterprises¹ EU, large enterprises² Germany³
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 13.5% 20% 20% 55% 36% 57% 2024 2025 2026

1 Enterprises with 10 or more employees, EU-27. 2 Enterprises with 250 or more employees, EU-27; 2024 and 2026 figures not shown. 3 Companies with 20 or more employees; survey of 603 firms, 2026. Samples differ and are not directly comparable; Eurostat 2026 data not yet published.

Source: Eurostat, December 2025; Bitkom, 14 September 2026

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Exhibit 2

Open models are strong, and still behind.

The best model you can run yourself scores 12 points below the best model you can only rent.

Every open model near the top comes from a Chinese lab.

See the Model Index

The strongest model you can run yourself trails the frontier by 12 points.

Artificial Analysis Intelligence Index v4.3, score

Closed model (API only) Open-weight model (runs on your own infrastructure)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Claude Opus 5.5 58 GPT-6 Astra 53 Claude Fable 5.1 53 MiMo-V2.6-Pro (Xiaomi) 46 GLM-5.3 (Z.ai) 44 Kimi K3 (Moonshot AI) 44

Source: Artificial Analysis, index v4.3, scores published 7 to 22 September 2026. Scores are not comparable with earlier index versions.

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